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		<title>Les Israéliens à l’étranger ne peuvent voter dans les ambassades : sont-t-ils &#8220;punis&#8221; d’avoir quitté le pays ?</title>
		<link>http://identitejuive.com/les-israeliens-a-letranger-ne-peuvent-voter-dans-les-ambassades-sont-t-il-punis-davoir-quitte-le-pays/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 04 Feb 2009 11:23:39 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Articles]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[juifs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[knesset]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Les &#233;lections l&#233;gislatives pour la 18&#232;me Knesset auront lieu dans une semaine en Isra&#235;l, mais d&#233;j&#224;, les diplomates et des membres de leurs familles se sont rendus aux urnes. Si ces &#233;lections permettent aux diplomates isra&#233;liens de voter, de nombreux Isra&#233;liens (hommes d&#8217;affaires, repr&#233;sentants de soci&#233;t&#233;s et touristes) devront, s&#8217;ils veulent voter, se payer le [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Les &eacute;lections l&eacute;gislatives pour la 18&egrave;me Knesset auront lieu dans une semaine en Isra&euml;l, mais d&eacute;j&agrave;, les diplomates et des membres de leurs familles se sont rendus aux urnes. Si ces &eacute;lections permettent aux diplomates isra&eacute;liens de voter, de nombreux Isra&eacute;liens (hommes d&rsquo;affaires, repr&eacute;sentants de soci&eacute;t&eacute;s et touristes) devront, s&rsquo;ils veulent voter, se payer le voyage pour retourner voter en Isra&euml;l. Des avions sont mis &agrave; la disposition des &eacute;lecteurs isra&eacute;liens qui souhaitent participer aux scrutins.</p>
<p>Cette r&eacute;alit&eacute; qui se reproduit &agrave; chaque rendez-vous &eacute;lectoral est tr&egrave;s contraignante pour les citoyens isra&eacute;liens r&eacute;sidants en dehors d&rsquo;Eretz Israel. Si d&rsquo;ailleurs nous l&rsquo;invoquons ici, bien que nous ne soyons pas forc&eacute;ment isra&eacute;liens, c&rsquo;est parce que nous avons beaucoup d&rsquo;estime pour ce pays (l&rsquo;unique d&eacute;mocratie du Proche-Orient, il faut le rappeler) et c&rsquo;est aussi parce que cette situation constitue une exception mondiale qui n&rsquo;est pas agr&eacute;able ni pratique pour les Isra&eacute;liens r&eacute;sidant &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger. </p>
<p>	Il est inconcevable de voir que les Isra&eacute;liens de la diaspora n&rsquo;ont pas droit de vote dans des &eacute;lections isra&eacute;liennes alors que les Arabes isra&eacute;liens ont ce droit et b&eacute;n&eacute;ficient &eacute;galement de l&rsquo;argent qu&rsquo;envoient les Isra&eacute;liens de l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger pour leurs fr&egrave;res juifs et qui est distribu&eacute;e aux terroristes du Hamas et du Fatah ainsi qu&rsquo;aux arabes Isra&eacute;liens qui ne paient pas d&rsquo;imp&ocirc;ts en Isra&euml;l (1).</p>
<p>Nous sommes certains que la diaspora isra&eacute;lienne dans son immense majorit&eacute; se sent profond&eacute;ment et visc&eacute;ralement exclut &agrave; chaque fois que des &eacute;lections l&eacute;gislatives pour la Knesset est proche. Les isra&eacute;liens qui habitent l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger ne peuvent pas voter, les seuls qui peuvent voter sont les diplomates et personnels ambassades &#8211; agence juive- consulat, etc.. Pas ceux qui n&#39;ont pas ces fonctions, c&rsquo;est inacceptable! Nous estimons que c&rsquo;est la gauche isra&eacute;lienne qui a fait en sorte que les isra&eacute;liens vivant &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;tranger ne puissent pas voter parce qu&#39;ils savent qu&#39;ils voteraient des listes de droite !!</p>
<p>Mais le Likoud, avec la droite, devrait penser &agrave; faire une loi permettant aux Isra&eacute;liens de pouvoir voter de n&rsquo;importe o&ugrave; pour prouver qu&rsquo;ils sont proches d&rsquo;Isra&euml;l m&ecirc;me s&rsquo;ils habitent les USA, le Canada, l&rsquo;Europe ou l&rsquo;Australie.</p>
<p>Les Isra&eacute;liens vivant &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger ne peuvent voter dans les ambassades. Sont t-ils &quot;punis&quot; d&#39;avoir simplement quitt&eacute; le pays ? Qui parmi eux n&rsquo;a pas &eacute;prouv&eacute; une Immense fiert&eacute; &agrave; chaque exploit d&rsquo;Isra&euml;l ? Qui d&rsquo;entre eux n&rsquo;a pas &eacute;prouv&eacute; de peine &agrave; chaque malheur qui a frapp&eacute; Isra&euml;l ? Et qui d&rsquo;entre eux n&rsquo;est pas triste de ce qui se passe actuellement et inquiet de l&rsquo;avenir de ce pays, effectivement de tous les Juifs ?</p>
<p>Cette loi est indigne d&rsquo;un pays d&eacute;mocratique comme Isra&euml;l. M&ecirc;me des pays sous dictature comme l&rsquo;Alg&eacute;rie font voter leurs binationaux et pas seulement ceux qui sont rest&eacute;s Alg&eacute;riens.</p>
<p>L&rsquo;exemple libanais est &agrave; cet &eacute;gard tr&egrave;s int&eacute;ressant : la population libanaise r&eacute;sidante au liban s&rsquo;&eacute;l&egrave;ve &agrave; 4.6 millions personnes alors que la diaspora libanaise qui se monte &agrave; plus de 13 millions de libanais, ne souhaite pas abandonner les liens avec le pays d&rsquo;origine, elle dispose d&rsquo;un droit de vote &agrave; partir des repr&eacute;sentations libanaises &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger.On n&rsquo;a pas besoin de faire venir 13 millions de libanais, en quelques jours, pour voter au Liban.</p>
<p>Le peuple juif a retrouv&eacute; sa terre, sa langue, son &Eacute;tat, son arm&eacute;e, sa capitale. Il n&rsquo;a pas encore retrouv&eacute; son Droit. Ainsi, &agrave; partir de 1958, ont &eacute;t&eacute; adopt&eacute;es des lois fondamentales successives sur la Knesset (1958), sur les terres de l&rsquo;&Eacute;tat (1960), sur le pr&eacute;sident de l&rsquo;&Eacute;tat (1964), sur le gouvernement (1968), sur le budget de l&rsquo;&Eacute;tat (1975), sur l&rsquo;arm&eacute;e (1976), sur J&eacute;rusalem (1980), sur le pouvoir judiciaire (1984), sur le contr&ocirc;leur de l&rsquo;&Eacute;tat (1988), sur la dignit&eacute; et la libert&eacute; humaines et sur la libert&eacute; professionnelle (1992 et 1994) mais toujours aucune loi n&rsquo;accorde &agrave; ces Isra&eacute;liens, vivants &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;tranger, le droit de voter dans leurs ambassades.</p>
<p>Le R&eacute;veil de l&rsquo;Orient</p>
<p>
	(1) Savez-vous que l&rsquo;imp&ocirc;t foncier fait partie des charges des Juifs uniquement&nbsp;? Savez-vous combien doit payer un Juif pour acheter un terrain alors que pour l&rsquo;Arabe, il est gratuit?</p>
<p>Savez-vous aussi que les Arabes en Isra&euml;l b&eacute;n&eacute;ficient de toutes les allocations familiales possibles et ils ont le meilleur niveau de vie dans la r&eacute;gion.</p>
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		<title>JUIFS lauréats du Prix Nobel de chimie</title>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 31 May 2008 00:33:36 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Les juifs dans le monde]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[prix nobels]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[(19% du total mondial) Liste des b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires du prix Nobel en chimie qui ont &#233;t&#233;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). Les pourcentages indiqu&#233;s ci-dessus correspondent aux noms qui apparaissent explicitement sur la liste ci-dessous. &#160; Adolph von Baeyer #,1 (1905) Henri Moissan #,2 (1906) Otto Wallach # (1910) Richard Willst&#228;tter [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Rockwell;">(19% du total mondial)</span></b></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><b>Liste des b&eacute;n&eacute;ficiaires du prix Nobel en chimie qui ont &eacute;t&eacute;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). Les pourcentages indiqu&eacute;s ci-dessus correspondent aux noms qui apparaissent <i>explicitement</i> sur la liste ci-dessous.</b></p>
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">&nbsp;</div>
<p><span style="font-size: larger;">    </span><span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Adolph von Baeyer <sup>#,1</sup> (1905)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Henri Moissan <sup>#,2</sup> (1906)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Otto Wallach</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1910)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Richard Willst&auml;tter</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1915)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Fritz Haber</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1918)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">George de Hevesy</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1943)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Melvin Calvin</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1961)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Max Perutz</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1962)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Christian Anfinsen <sup>3</sup> (1972)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">William Stein</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1972)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Ilya Prigogine <sup>4</sup> (1977)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Herbert Brown</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1979)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Paul Berg</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1980)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Walter Gilbert</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1980)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Roald Hoffmann</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1981)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Aaron Klug</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1982)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Herbert Hauptman <sup>5</sup> (1985)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Jerome Karle <sup>6</sup> (1985)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">John Polanyi <sup>7</sup> (1986)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Sidney Altman</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1989)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Rudolph Marcus</span></b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> <sup>#</sup><b> (1992)</b></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">George Olah <sup>8</sup> (1994)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Harold Kroto <sup>9</sup> (1996)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Walter Kohn <sup>10</sup> (1998)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Alan Heeger <sup>11</sup> (2000)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Aaron Ciechanover <sup>12</sup> (2004)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Avram Hershko <sup>13</sup> (2004)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Irwin Rose <sup>14</sup> (2004)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Roger Kornberg <sup>15</sup> (2006)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Autre <sup>16</sup></span></b></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span></p>
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<p></span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">NOTES (En anglais)</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"># <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i> (1997 CD ROM edition).<br />
1. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father.</span></b><span> <br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">2. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father.</span></b><span> <br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">3. Convert to Judaism. See</span></b> <b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/KK/Views/Exhibit/narrative/biographical.html">http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/KK/Views/Exhibit/narrative/biographical.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><br />
4. The <i>Special Volume in Memory of Ilya Prigogine: Advances in Chemical Physics, Volume 135</i>, edited by Stuart A. Rice (Wiley, New York, 2007, pp. 1-6) contains an introductory article entitled &quot;Ilya Prigogine: His Life, His Work,&quot; by the late Radu Balescu, one of Prigogine&#8217;s oldest associates.&nbsp; Balescu describes Prigogine as a &quot;Russian Jewish immigrant arriving in Brussels at the age of 12&#8230;&quot;&nbsp; According to Balescu, Prigogine survived the Nazi occupation thanks to false papers provided to him by the local White Russian community.&nbsp; For other references, see: 1) the December 1980 issue of <i>Quest, </i>p. 86, in which Mary Lukas describes the Prigogine family&#8217;s emigration from revolutionary Russia to Berlin, and finally to Brussels, where Prigogine found himself &quot;an oddity, a little Jewish boy from somewhere in the East&quot;; 2) <i>The Who&#8217;s Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-1995, 3rd Ed.&nbsp;</i> by Bernard S. and June H. Schlessinger (Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ, 1996, p. 33); 3)&nbsp; </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_p.htm">http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_p.htm</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">; and 4) </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amyisrael.co.il/europe/belgium/#Jews%20in%20Belgium" class="broken_link"><span>http://www.amyisrael.co.il/europe/belgium/#Jews in Belgium</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span></b><span> <br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><br />
5. See <i>The Who&#8217;s Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-1995, 3rd Ed., </i>edited<i>&nbsp;</i> by Bernard S. and June H. Schlessinger (Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ,1996, p. 37).&nbsp; See also the interview with Hauptman&nbsp; in <i>Candid Science III: More Conversations with Famous Chemists</i>, by Istvan Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2003, p. 303).</span></b><span>&nbsp; <br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">6. See <i>The Who&#8217;s Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-1995, 3rd Ed., </i>edited<i>&nbsp;</i> by Bernard S. and June H. Schlessinger (Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ,1996, p. 37).</span></b>&nbsp;<b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">See also the interview with Karle in <i>Candid Science VI: More Conversations with Famous Scientists</i>, by Istvan Hargittai and Magdolna Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2006, p. 426).</span></b><span>&nbsp; <br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">7. Son of the Hungarian Jewish physical chemist and philosopher Michael Polanyi.&nbsp; See also <i>Ismerj&uuml;k&#8221;oket?: zsid&oacute; sz&aacute;rmaz&aacute;s&uacute; nevezetes magyarok arck&eacute;pcsarnoka</i>, by Istv&aacute;n Rem&eacute;nyi Gyenes (Ex Libris, Budapest, 1997).</span></b></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">8. George Olah&#8217;s autobiographical memoirs, <i>A Life of Magic Chemistry&nbsp;</i> (Wiley Interscience, NY, 2001, p. 45), briefly&nbsp; describes the last months of World War II in Hungary.&nbsp; (It was during this period that the Nazis attempted to deport the Jewish population of Budapest.)&nbsp; He states &quot;I do not want to relive here in any detail some of my very difficult, even horrifying, experiences of this period, hiding out the last months of the war in Budapest.&nbsp; Suffice it to say that my parents and I survived.&quot;&nbsp; That statement is the closest he comes to identifying himself as being Jewish.&nbsp; Nearly everything in the book is consistent with an upper middle class Hungarian Jewish background, with the exception of his attendance at the Gymnasium of the Piarist Fathers, a Roman Catholic teaching order.&nbsp; (Although many of the parochial schools in Budapest had significant Jewish enrollments.)&nbsp; Further information has materialized as a result of the publication of an op-ed piece in the <i>New York Times</i> on the Holocaust in Hungary, written by Kati Marton (&quot;A Town&#8217;s Hidden Memory,&quot; 21 July 2002).&nbsp; This article resulted in a considerable amount of controversy and letters to the editor.&nbsp; One such letter was by J. L. Jankovich of San Jose, CA, which was sent to the <i>Times, </i>but apparently not published.&nbsp; (It could previously be found at: http://hungaria.org/lists/lobby/admin/article.php?articleid=136.)&nbsp; Concerning the German military occupation that began in the spring of 1944, the letter stated: &quot;Yet for months thereafter our Jewish classmates could still attend our Catholic high school and, after the interruptions of the 1944-45 winter, graduated there.&nbsp; (One of them, Mr. George Olah, now an American citizen, just received the Nobel Prize a few years ago and went back to visit his old school with pride.)&quot;&nbsp; See also <i>Our Lives: Encounters of a Scientist</i>, by&nbsp; Istv&aacute;n Hargittai (Akad&eacute;miai Kiad&oacute;, Budapest, 2004, p. 77).</span></b></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">9. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother; see </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1996/kroto-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1996/kroto-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span></b><span> <br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">10. See </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1998/kohn-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1998/kohn-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span></b><span> <br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">11. See&nbsp; </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/2000/heeger-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/2000/heeger-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">12. See </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/2004/ciechanover-autobio.html">http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/2004/ciechanover-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.<br />
13. See </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/2004/hershko-autobio.html">http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/2004/hershko-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.<br />
14. See </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/2004/rose-autobio.html">http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/2004/rose-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.<br />
15. Son of 1959 Nobel Prize winner in medicine Arthur Kornberg and his wife Sylvy Ruth (n&eacute;e Levy).&nbsp; See, e.g., interview with Arthur Kornberg in <i>Candid Science II: Conversations with Famous Biomedical Scientists, </i>by Istv&aacute;n Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, pp. 50-71).&nbsp; See also:<br />
</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?c=JPArticle&amp;cid=1159193371617&amp;pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull">http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?c=JPArticle&amp;cid=1159193371617&amp;pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.<br />
16. Gerhard Herzberg (1971) appears on some lists of&nbsp; Jewish Nobel Prize winners.&nbsp; In interviews, however, he has maintained that his emigration from Nazi Germany was the result of his wife (n&eacute;e Luise Oettinger) being Jewish, not of his being Jewish.&nbsp; Neither Dudley Herschbach (1986) nor Robert Huber (1988), whose names also appear on some lists, is Jewish.&nbsp;</span></b></p>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<p></span></p>
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		<title>JUIFS lauréats du Prix Nobel en littérature</title>
		<link>http://identitejuive.com/juifs-laureats-du-prix-nobel-en-litterature/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 31 May 2008 00:33:19 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Les juifs dans le monde]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[juifs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[litterature]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prix nobel]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[&#160;(13% du total mondial) Liste des b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires du prix Nobel de litt&#233;rature qui ont &#233;t&#233;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). Les pourcentages indiqu&#233;s ci-dessus correspondent aux noms qui apparaissent explicitement sur la liste ci-dessous. &#160; Paul von Heyse #,1 (1910) Henri Bergson# (1927) Boris Pasternak# (1958) Shmuel Agnon# (1966) Nelly [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;<b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">(13% du total mondial</span>)</b></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">Liste des b&eacute;n&eacute;ficiaires du prix Nobel de litt&eacute;rature qui ont &eacute;t&eacute;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). Les pourcentages indiqu&eacute;s ci-dessus correspondent aux noms qui apparaissent <i>explicitement</i> sur la liste ci-dessous.</p>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<ul type="disc">
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Paul von Heyse </span></b><b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#,1</span></sup></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1910)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Henri Bergson</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1927)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Boris Pasternak</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1958)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Shmuel Agnon</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1966)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Nelly Sachs</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1966)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Saul Bellow</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1976)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Isaac Bashevis Singer</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1978)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Elias Canetti</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1981)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Joseph Brodsky</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1987)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Nadine Gordimer</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1991)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Imre Kert&eacute;sz </span></b><b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">2</span></sup></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (2002)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Elfriede Jelinek </span></b><b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">3</span></sup></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (2004)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Harold Pinter </span></b><b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">4</span></sup></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (2005)</span></b></span></li>
</ul>
<p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"></p>
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<p>NOTES</span></b><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"># <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i> (1997 CD ROM edition).<br />
1. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father; see <a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1910/heyse-autobio.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1910/heyse-autobio.html</a>.</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">2. See <a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2002/kertesz-bio.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2002/kertesz-bio.html</a>.<br />
3. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother.&nbsp; In a 1998 interview, Jelinek stated &quot;Mein Vater war auch Jude&quot;; see<br />
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.hagalil.com/archiv/98/12/jellinek.htm">http://www.hagalil.com/archiv/98/12/jellinek.htm</a></span> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">and<a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2004/bio-bibl.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2004/bio-bibl.html</a></span>.<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><br />
4. See <a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2005/bio-bibl.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2005/bio-bibl.html</a>. In <i>Conversations with Pinter</i>, by Mel Gussow (Grove, New York, 1996, p.103), Pinter describes his mother and father as &quot;very solid, very respectable, Jewish, lower middle class people.&quot;</span></p>
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">&nbsp;</div>
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		<title>JUIFS Prix Nobel de la Paix</title>
		<link>http://identitejuive.com/juifs-prix-nobel-de-la-paix/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 31 May 2008 00:32:47 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Les juifs dans le monde]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[juifs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nobel de la paix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prix nobel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prix nobels]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[&#160;&#160; (9% du total mondial) Liste des b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires du prix Nobel de la paix qui ont &#233;t&#233;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). Les pourcentages indiqu&#233;s ci-dessus sont bas&#233;es sur les attributions consenties &#224; des individus seulement, c&#8217;est-&#224;-dire que le mode de calcul statistique exclus les prix d&#233;cern&#233;s &#224; des organisations. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">(9% du total mondial</span>)</b></div>
<p style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">Liste des b&eacute;n&eacute;ficiaires du prix Nobel de la paix qui ont &eacute;t&eacute;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). <span>Les pourcentages indiqu&eacute;s ci-dessus sont bas&eacute;es sur les attributions consenties &agrave; des individus seulement, c&#8217;est-&agrave;-dire que le mode de calcul statistique exclus les prix d&eacute;cern&eacute;s &agrave; des organisations. Parmi les organisations qui ont re&ccedil;u un prix Nobel de la paix , 25% de celles-ci ont &eacute;t&eacute; fond&eacute;es ou co-fond&eacute;e par des Juifs. Pour plus d&rsquo;information, voir la note en bas de page [1] (en anglais).</span></p>
<ul type="disc">
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Paul von Heyse </span></b><b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#,1</span></sup></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1910)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Henri Bergson</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1927)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Boris Pasternak</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1958)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Shmuel Agnon</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1966)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Nelly Sachs</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1966)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Saul Bellow</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1976)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Isaac Bashevis Singer</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1978)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Elias Canetti</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1981)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Joseph Brodsky</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1987)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Nadine Gordimer</span></b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">#</span></sup><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (1991)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Imre Kert&eacute;sz </span></b><b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">2</span></sup></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (2002)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Elfriede Jelinek </span></b><b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">3</span></sup></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (2004)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Harold Pinter </span></b><b><sup><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">4</span></sup></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (2005)</span></b></span></li>
</ul>
<table cellspacing="20" cellpadding="10" border="0" align="left">
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<p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><br />
NOTES</span></b><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"># <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i> (1997 CD ROM edition).<br />
1. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father; see <a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1910/heyse-autobio.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1910/heyse-autobio.html</a>.</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">2. See <a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2002/kertesz-bio.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2002/kertesz-bio.html</a>.<br />
3. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother.&nbsp; In a 1998 interview, Jelinek stated &quot;Mein Vater war auch Jude&quot;; see<br />
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.hagalil.com/archiv/98/12/jellinek.htm">http://www.hagalil.com/archiv/98/12/jellinek.htm</a></span> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">and<a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2004/bio-bibl.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2004/bio-bibl.html</a></span>.<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><br />
4. See <a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2005/bio-bibl.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2005/bio-bibl.html</a>. In <i>Conversations with Pinter</i>, by Mel Gussow (Grove, New York, 1996, p.103), Pinter describes his mother and father as &quot;very solid, very respectable, Jewish, lower middle class people.&quot;</span></p>
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">&nbsp;</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">&nbsp;</div>
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		<title>JUIFS lauréats du Prix Nobel de physiologie ou de médecine</title>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 31 May 2008 00:32:15 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Les juifs dans le monde]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#160;(28% du total mondial) Liste des b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires du prix Nobel de physique qui ont &#233;t&#233;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). Les pourcentages indiqu&#233;s ci-dessus sont celles qui correspondent aux noms qui apparaissent explicitement sur la liste en dessous. &#160; Paul Ehrlich # (1908) Elie Metchnikoff #,1 (1908) Robert B&#225;r&#225;ny # [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;<b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">(28% du total mondial</span>)</b></p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">Liste des b&eacute;n&eacute;ficiaires du prix Nobel de physique qui ont &eacute;t&eacute;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). Les pourcentages indiqu&eacute;s ci-dessus sont celles qui correspondent aux noms qui apparaissent <i>explicitement</i> sur la liste en dessous.</p>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<ul type="disc">
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Paul Ehrlich<sup> #</sup> (1908)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Elie Metchnikoff <sup>#,1</sup> (1908)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Robert B&aacute;r&aacute;ny<sup> #</sup> (1914)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Otto Meyerhof<sup> #</sup> (1922)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Karl Landsteiner<sup> #</sup> (1930)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Otto Warburg <sup>#,2</sup> (1931)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Otto Loewi<sup> #</sup> (1936)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Joseph Erlanger<sup> #</sup> (1944)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Herbert Gasser <sup>#,3</sup> (1944)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Sir Ernst Chain<sup> #</sup> (1945)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Hermann Muller <sup>#,4</sup> (1946)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Gerty Cori <sup>5</sup> (1947)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Tadeus Reichstein<sup> #</sup> (1950)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Selman Waksman<sup> #</sup> (1952)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Sir Hans Krebs<sup> #</sup> (1953)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Fritz Lipmann<sup> #</sup> (1953)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Joshua Lederberg<sup> #</sup> (1958)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Arthur Kornberg<sup> #</sup> (1959)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Konrad Bloch<sup> #</sup> (1964)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Francois Jacob<sup> #</sup> (1965)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Andr&eacute; Lwoff<sup> #</sup> (1965)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">George Wald<sup> #</sup> (1967)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Marshall Nirenberg<sup> #</sup> (1968)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Salvador</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> Luria<sup> #</sup> (1969)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Julius Axelrod<sup> #</sup> (1970)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Sir Bernard Katz<sup> #</sup> (1970)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Gerald Edelman<sup> #</sup> (1972)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">David Baltimore<sup> #</sup> (1975)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Howard Temin<sup> #</sup> (1975)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Baruch Blumberg<sup> #</sup> (1976)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Andrew Schally <sup>6</sup> (1977)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Rosalyn Yalow<sup> #</sup> (1977)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Daniel Nathans<sup> #</sup> (1978)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Baruj Benacerraf<sup> #</sup> (1980)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Sir John Vane <sup>7</sup> (1982)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">C&eacute;sar Milstein<sup> #</sup> (1984)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Michael Brown<sup> #</sup> (1985)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Joseph Goldstein<sup> #</sup> (1985)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Stanley</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> Cohen<sup> #</sup> (1986)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Rita Levi-Montalcini<sup> #</sup> (1986)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Gertrude Elion<sup> #</sup> (1988)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Harold Varmus<sup> #</sup> (1989)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Edmond</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> Fischer <sup>8</sup> (1992)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Alfred Gilman <sup>9</sup> (1994)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Martin Rodbell <sup>10</sup> (1994)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Stanley</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> Prusiner <sup>11</sup> (1997)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Robert Furchgott <sup>12</sup> (1998)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Paul Greengard <sup>13</sup> (2000)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Eric Kandel <sup>14</sup> (2000)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Sydney Brenner <sup>15</sup> (2002)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">H. Robert Horvitz <sup>16</sup> (2002)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Richard Axel<sup> 17</sup> (2004)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Andrew Z. Fire <sup>18</sup> (2006)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Others <sup>19</sup></span></b></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span></p>
<table cellspacing="20" cellpadding="10" border="0" align="left">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
</tr>
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</table>
<p></span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">NOTES</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"># <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i> (1997 CD ROM edition).<br />
1. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father.<br />
2. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother.<br />
3. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother.<br />
4. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father.</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">5. Gerty Cori appears on some Jewish lists, but not on others.&nbsp; The most comprehensive biographical portrait of her is contained in Sharon McGrayne&#8217;s <i>Nobel Prize Women in Science </i>(Birch Lane, New York, NY, 1993).&nbsp; McGrayne&#8217;s account is based on interviews with more than a dozen of Cori&#8217;s close friends and associates, with the details of her religious background obtained from interviews with Professor Viktor Hamburger and Ann Cori.&nbsp; According to McGrayne, Cori was Jewish, but converted to Roman Catholicism prior to her marriage to Carl Cori in order to lessen the objections of his family, who felt that marriage to a Jewish woman would doom his prospects for an academic career in Europe.&nbsp; This is in close agreement with the note on Gerty Cori published by Joseph Larner in <i>Biographical Memoirs, Volume 61</i> (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1992, p. 112).&nbsp; Further confirmation can be found in the interview with Arthur Kornberg (1959) that appears in <i>Candid Science II </i>by Istv&aacute;n Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 58).</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><br />
6. See <i>The Timetables of Jewish History</i> by Judah Gribetz (Simon and Schuster, New York, NY, 1993, p.634 ); <i>Jews and Medicine</i>, by Frank Heynick (KTAV, Hoboken, NJ, 2002, p. 574); and </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1977/schally-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1977/schally-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"> .</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">7. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother, according to an interview published in<i> Candid Science II </i>by Istv&aacute;n Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 562).</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">8. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother, according to a follow-up dipatch issued by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA)&nbsp; several days after publication of its October 14, 1992 story on that year&#8217;s Nobel Prizes, written by Tom Tugend.&nbsp; Fischer is a member of the Board of Governors of the Weizmann Institute.</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">9. See interview in<i> Candid Science II, </i>by Istv&aacute;n Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, p. 245).</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">10. See </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1994/rodbell-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1994/rodbell-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">11. See </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1997/prusiner-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1997/prusiner-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</p>
<p>12. The Furchgotts were one of the most prominent Jewish families in Charleston, SC, where Robert was born.&nbsp; See </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.cofc.edu/%7Ejhc/pages/fwfchas.html">http://www.cofc.edu/~jhc/pages/fwfchas.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.&nbsp; See also the interview published in<i> Candid Science II </i>by Istv&aacute;n Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2002, pp. 588-589).</span></b></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">13. Although born to Jewish parents, Greengard&#8217;s mother died in childbirth and he was&nbsp; raised as a Christian by a non-Jewish stepmother; see </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2000/greengard-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2000/greengard-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"> and interview in <i>Candid Science V: Conversations with Famous Scientists</i>, by Balazs Hargittai and Istv&aacute;n Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2005, pp. 650-653).<br />
14. See </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2000/kandel-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2000/kandel-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">15. See </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2002/brenner-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2002/brenner-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">16. See </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2002/horvitz-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/2002/horvitz-autobio.html</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.<br />
17. See <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica, Second Edition</i> (Thomson Gale, Detroit, 2007, Vol. 2, pp. 755-756).</span></b></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">18. Son of Dr. Philip and Janet (n&eacute;e Sherak) Fire [see entry for Philip Fire in <i>American Men &amp; Women of Science: 22nd Edition</i>&nbsp; (Thomson Gale, Detroit, 2005, Volume 2, C-F, p. 1154)].&nbsp; Philip Fire is a past president (1951) of the MIT chapter of the national&nbsp; Jewish fraternity </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.aepi.org/">Alpha Epsilon Pi</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">; see </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://web.mit.edu/aepi/www/history5.shtml" class="broken_link">http://web.mit.edu/aepi/www/history5.shtml</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"> and</span></b><span><br />
</span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://web.mit.edu/aepi/www/life.shtml" class="broken_link">http://web.mit.edu/aepi/www/life.shtml</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.&nbsp; Janet Fire is the daughter of the late Rose (n&eacute;e Goldstein) Sherak.&nbsp; See also: <br />
</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://cgi.stanford.edu/group/wais/cgi-bin/index.php?p=5831" class="broken_link">http://cgi.stanford.edu/group/wais/cgi-bin/index.php?p=5831</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span></b></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">19. Willem Einthoven (1926), whose name appears on several Jewish lists, had a Jewish paternal grandfather, but based on the biography by H. Snellen (<i>Willem Einthoven</i>, Kluwer, Boston, MA, 1995), it appears unlikely that any of his other grandparents were Jewish.&nbsp; Karl von Frisch (1973) appears to have had a Jewish maternal grandmother: see, e.g., p. 88 of </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.speciesoforigin.org/FCKeditor/File/Najafi_The_Language_of_the_Bees.pdf" class="broken_link">http://www.speciesoforigin.org/FCKeditor/File/Najafi_The_Language_of_the_Bees.pdf</a></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.&nbsp; Other names that have appeared on such lists include those of Erwin Neher (1991), Bert Sakmann (1991), Richard Roberts (1993), Phillip Sharp (1993), and Edward Lewis (1995), none of whom appear to be of Jewish descent.</span></b></p>
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		<title>JUIFS lauréats du Prix Nobel de physique</title>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#160; (26% du total mondial) Liste des b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires du prix Nobel de physique qui ont &#233;t&#233;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). Les pourcentages indiqu&#233;s ci-dessus sont celles qui correspondent aux noms qui apparaissent explicitement sur la liste en dessous. &#160; Albert Michelson #,1 (1907) Gabriel Lippmann # (1908) Albert Einstein [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">(26% du total mondial</span>)</b></div>
<p style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">Liste des b&eacute;n&eacute;ficiaires du prix Nobel de physique qui ont &eacute;t&eacute;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). Les pourcentages indiqu&eacute;s ci-dessus sont celles qui correspondent aux noms qui apparaissent <i>explicitement</i> sur la liste en dessous.</p>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<ul type="disc">
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Albert Michelson <sup>#,1</sup> (1907)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Gabriel Lippmann <sup>#</sup> (1908)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Albert Einstein <sup>#</sup> (1921)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Niels Bohr <sup>#,2</sup> (1922)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">James Franck <sup>#</sup> (1925)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Otto Stern <sup>#</sup> (1943)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Isidor Rabi <sup>#</sup> (1944)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Wolfgang Pauli <sup>3</sup> (1945)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Felix Bloch <sup>#</sup> (1952)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Max Born <sup>#</sup> (1954)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Igor Tamm <sup>#,4</sup> (1958)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Ilya Frank <sup>4</sup> (1958)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Emilio Segr&egrave; <sup>#</sup> (1959)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Donald Glaser <sup>#</sup> (1960)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Robert Hofstadter <sup>#</sup> (1961)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Lev Landau <sup>#</sup> (1962)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Eugene Wigner <sup>5</sup> (1963)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Richard Feynman <sup>#</sup> (1965)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Julian Schwinger <sup>#</sup> (1965)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Hans Bethe <sup>#,6</sup> (1967)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Murray</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> Gell-Mann <sup>#</sup> (1969)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Dennis Gabor <sup>#</sup> (1971)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Leon Cooper <sup>7</sup> (1972)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Brian Josephson <sup>#</sup> (1973)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Ben Mottelson <sup>#</sup> (1975)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Burton</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> Richter <sup>#</sup> (1976)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Arno Penzias <sup>#</sup> (1978)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Sheldon Glashow <sup>#</sup> (1979)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Steven Weinberg <sup>#</sup> (1979)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Arthur Schawlow <sup>8</sup> (1981)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">K. Alexander M&uuml;ller<sup> 9</sup> (1987)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Leon Lederman <sup>#</sup> (1988)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Melvin Schwartz <sup>#</sup> (1988)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Jack Steinberger <sup>#</sup> (1988)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Jerome Friedman <sup>#</sup> (1990)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Georges Charpak <sup>#,10</sup> (1992)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Martin Perl <sup>#,11</sup> (1995)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Frederick Reines <sup>#,12</sup> (1995)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">David Lee <sup>13</sup> (1996)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Douglas Osheroff <sup>14</sup> (1996)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji <sup>15</sup> (1997)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Zhores Alferov <sup>16 </sup>(2000)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Vitaly Ginzburg <sup>17&nbsp;</sup> (2003)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Alexei Abrikosov <sup>18&nbsp;</sup> (2003)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">David Gross <sup>19</sup> (2004)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">H. David Politzer <sup>19</sup> (2004)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Roy Glauber <sup>20</sup> (2005)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Others <sup>21</sup></span></b></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span></p>
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<p></span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">NOTES</span></b><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"># <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i> (1997 CD ROM edition).</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">1. The claim found elsewhere on the Internet that the mother of Albert Abraham Michelson was not Jewish is untrue. &nbsp;The biographical profile&nbsp;of Michelson written by the Nobel Prize winner Robert A. Millikan in the <i>Biographical Memoirs of the US National Academy of Sciences</i> (National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1938, Vol. XIX)&nbsp;quotes (on p. 128) Michelson&#8217;s sister, the novelist Miriam Michelson, as having written of her parents in a letter to Millikan that&nbsp;&quot;both Albert Michelson&#8217;s father and mother were born of Jewish parents&#8230;&quot;&nbsp; The contrary claim&nbsp;seems to have&nbsp;originated in a book titled <i>The Master of Light: A&nbsp;Biography of Albert A. Michelson</i>, by&nbsp;Dorothy Michelson Livingston (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1973).&nbsp; Dorothy&nbsp;Livingston was&nbsp;a daughter&nbsp;born to Michelson&#8217;s second (non-Jewish) wife when he was already past fifty.&nbsp; Although&nbsp;Livingston&nbsp;admits that she knows almost nothing directly of Michelson&#8217;s life prior to his second marriage, she states (on p. 12) that&nbsp;&quot;Albert&#8217;s mother was born Rosalie Przylubska, the second of three daughters of Abraham Przylubski, a Polish businessman from Inowroclaw near Strzelno.&nbsp; The family name and a picture of her mother suggest that she came from typical Polish peasant stock.&nbsp; Her older sister Auguste married a doctor and perhaps it was at their wedding that Rosalie first met Samuel Michelson, a young merchant of Jewish descent&#8230;&quot;&nbsp; Note that Livingston does not say &quot;according to my father&#8230;&quot; or &quot;according to relatives&#8230;,&quot; rather she just speculates that the name &quot;Przylubski&quot; is non-Jewish.&nbsp; But the name &quot;Przylubski&quot; is, in fact,&nbsp;found amongst Jews; see, e.g.,<a target="_blank" href="http://www.avotaynu.com/books/MenkNames.htm">http://www.avotaynu.com/books/MenkNames.htm</a>.&nbsp; Indeed, Lars Menk&#8217;s <i>A Dictionary of German-Jewish Surnames</i>&nbsp; (Avotaynu, Bergenfield, NJ, 2005) gives (on p. 601) &quot;Inowrazlaw&quot; in East Prussia as a location where, according to the civil records, the name was found amongst Jews.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">2. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">3. Pauli described himself as being three-quarters Jewish in a letter to the director of the Institute for Advanced Study, Frank Aydelotte, quoted in the April 1995 issue of <i>Physics Today</i> (p. 86). See also <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ethbib.ethz.ch/exhibit/pauli/ausreise_e.html">http://www.ethbib.ethz.ch/exhibit/pauli/ausreise_e.html</a>.&nbsp; According to the family-authorized biography of Pauli by Charles Enz, <i>No Time to be Brief: A Scientific Biography of Wolfgang Pauli</i> (Oxford, Oxford and New York, 2002, pp. 1-7), three of Pauli&#8217;s four grandparents (all but his maternal grandmother) were Jewish.&nbsp; Specifically, Pauli&#8217;s father, Wolfgang Pauli, Sr. (originally Wolf Pascheles, whose parents came from the prominent Jewish Pascheles and Utitz families of Prague), converted from Judaism to Roman Catholicism shortly before his marriage in 1899 to Bertha Camilla Sch&uuml;tz.&nbsp; Bertha Sch&uuml;tz was raised in her mother&#8217;s Roman Catholic religion, but her father was the Jewish writer Friedrich Sch&uuml;tz (whose biography can be found on p. 469 of Vol. 5 of S. Wininger&#8217;s <i>Grosse J&uuml;dische National-Biographie</i>).&nbsp; Although Pauli was raised as a Roman Catholic, eventually he (and his parents) left the Church.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">4. For both Tamm and Frank, see <i>The Encyclopedia of Russian Jewry, Biographies A-I, </i>edited by Herman Branover, Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 1998, pp. 351-352. Frank was half-Jewish on his father&#8217;s side.&nbsp; On Tamm&#8217;s Jewish background, the extent of which is unclear, see also the article by Mark Kuchment in the June 1988 issue of <i>Physics Today</i>, p. 82.</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">5. According to the account given in Wigner&#8217;s memoirs, both of his parents were Jews, although the family converted to Lutheranism when he was a teenager (See <i>The Recollections of Eugene Wigner</i>, Plenum, New York, NY, 1992).<br />
6. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father.</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">7. See <i>The Who&#8217;s Who of Nobel Prize Winners 1901-1995, 3rd Ed.&nbsp;</i> by Bernard  S. and June H. Schlessinger, Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ,1996, p. 209.</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">8. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. See section entitled &quot;Background and Education, Toronto&quot; in <a target="_blank" href="http://texts.cdlib.org/dynaxml/servlet/dynaXML?docId=kt5b69n7k2&amp;doc.view=entire_text">1996 interview with Suzanne B. Riess</a>.<br />
9. Jewish mother (n&eacute;e Feigenbaum).&nbsp; Information based on statements made by Prof. M&uuml;ller during a 2006 visit to Israel to receive an honorary doctorate from Bar-Ilan University.<br />
10. See the January 1993 issue of <i>Physics Today&nbsp; </i>(p. 20), where Charpak describes his capture by the Nazis while serving in the French <i>Resistance </i>as follows: &quot;Luckily I was only regarded as a Pole and a terrorist. They didn&#8217;t know that I was a Jew.&quot;</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">11. See <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1995/perl-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1995/perl-autobio.html</a>.</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">12. See <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1995/reines-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1995/reines-autobio.html</a>.</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">13. See <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1996/lee-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1996/lee-autobio.html</a>.</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">14. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother. See <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1996/osheroff-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1996/osheroff-autobio.html</a>.</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">15. See <a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1997/cohen-tannoudji-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1997/cohen-tannoudji-autobio.html</a>.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">16. See <i>The Encyclopedia of Russian Jewry, Biographies A-I, </i>edited by Herman Branover (Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 1998, p. 37).&nbsp;&nbsp; NB: This reference includes biographies of individuals who are both of&nbsp; Jewish and of half-Jewish parentage, but does not generally specify which is, in fact, the case.&nbsp; Based on name analysis alone, Alferov&#8217;s father, Ivan Karpovich Alferov, was most likely not Jewish; his mother&#8217;s maiden name was Anna Rosenblum. See also <a target="_blank" href="http://lenta.ru/lib/14177331/full.htm">biography in LENTA.RU</a>, the second sentence of which translates as &quot;His parents -&nbsp; Ivan Karpovich and Anna Vladimirovna &#8211; a Belorussian and a Jew(ess), themselves came from the small town of Chashniki in Vitebsk Oblast.&quot;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">17. See, e.g., <i>Encyclopedia Judaica, </i>Vol. 7 (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 587) and Section 7 of <a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2003/ginzburg-autobio.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2003/ginzburg-autobio.html</a>. </span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><br />
18. Jewish mother (n&eacute;e Fanya Davidovna Vulf), non-Jewish father; see <i>The Encyclopedia of Russian Jewry, Biographies A-I</i>, edited by Herman Branover (Jason Aronson, Northvale, NJ, 1998, p. 10) and interview in <i>Candid Science V: Conversations with Famous Scientists</i>, by Balazs Hargittai and Istv&aacute;n Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2005, p. 185).<br />
19. See 11 October 2004 <i>Jerusalem Post Online Edition</i> story by Tom Tugend: &quot;<a target="_blank" href="http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=13091">Tugend article on 2004 Nobels</a>.&quot;<br />
20. See <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica, Second Edition</i> (Thomson Gale, Detroit, 2007, Vol. 7, p. 635).</p>
<p>21. Gustav Hertz (1925) and Maria Goeppert Mayer (1963) were, and Aage Bohr (1975) and Frank Wilczek (2004) are each one-quarter Jewish by descent. [For a reference on the Jewish ancestry of Maria Goeppert Mayer, see <i>Memoirs: A Twentieth-Century Journey in Science and Politics </i>by Edward Teller (Perseus Publishing, Cambridge, MA, 2001, p. 119).&nbsp; On Frank Wilczek, whose paternal grandfather was Jewish, see the interview with him in <i>Candid Science VI: More Conversations with Famous Scientists</i>, by Istv&aacute;n Hargittai and Magdolna Hargittai (Imperial College Press, London, 2006, p. 865).] &nbsp;&nbsp; </p>
<p>We had previously listed Pyotr Kapitsa (1978), based on numerous accounts of his having had a Jewish mother; see. e.g., <i>Encyclopedia Judaica</i>, Vol. 10 (Keter, Jerusalem, 1972, p. 747).&nbsp; However, the fact that he is not listed in the <i>Russian Jewish Encyclopedia</i>, for which his son Sergei is a consultant (see <a target="_blank" href="http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_k.htm">http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_k.htm</a>), together with questions raised by several highly informed members of the Russian-Jewish &eacute;migr&eacute; community, have led us to remove his name.&nbsp; The misidentification appears to have arisen from Kapitsa&#8217;s extensive involvement with the so-called Jewish Antifascist Committee.&nbsp; Contained below is a summary of the evidence we had previously cited in that connection:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">Kapitsa was one of the speakers at the &quot;Rally of the Representatives of the Jewish People&quot; which Stalin ordered to be held in Moscow on August 24, 1941.&nbsp; Kapitsa&nbsp; and the&nbsp; others in attendance signed an appeal directed to their &quot;brother Jews throughout the world&quot;; see <i>Stalin Against the Jews</i>, by Arkady Vaksberg (Knopf, New York, 1994, pp. 107-108).&nbsp; Yehoshua Gilboa, writing in <i>The Black Years of Soviet Jewry&nbsp;</i> (Little, Brown, Boston and Toronto, 1971, pp. 79, 362), states that the appeal was addressed to &quot;our Jewish brothers the world over&quot; and &quot;was signed by persons who had not only never associated themselves with things Jewish, but whose Jewish or semi-Jewish origin had hitherto been a secret.&nbsp; The JAC&#8217;s image was greatly enhanced by such names as Professor P. Kapitza,&#8230;&quot;&nbsp; Gilboa quotes Solomon Mikhoels, the head of the Jewish Antifascist Committee (JAC), as stating in a speech on the occasion of Kapitsa&#8217;s fiftieth birthday that &quot;I have gone to great pains to spread the fact of your being a Jew&#8230;&quot;&nbsp; In <i>Stalin&#8217;s War Against the Jews</i> (Free Press, New York, 1990, pp. 176-181), Louis Rapoport&nbsp; describes the denouement of the &quot;Doctor&#8217;s Plot,&quot; which was designed to be the pretext for the deportation of most of Soviet Jewry to slave labor camps in Siberia, Kazakhstan, and Birobidzhan.&nbsp; Show trials of the accused doctors were to be followed by &quot;spontaneous&quot; rioting against the Jews throughout the Soviet Union, which was to be followed in turn by publication of an appeal to Stalin by leading Soviet Jews requesting that Soviet Jewry be evacuated for its own protection &quot;to the developing territories in the East.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp; The plot was never actually executed because of Stalin&#8217;s sudden&nbsp; death on March 5, 1953,&nbsp; and so the appeal was never published, but it has been reconstructed from various sources.&nbsp; It was referred to&nbsp; as &quot;The Statement of the Jews&quot; and contained such phrases as &quot;we, as leading figures among loyal Soviet Jewry&#8230;&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp; Although most of those who were &quot;requested&quot; to sign it understood its deadly implications, most were simply too terrified to refuse;&nbsp; according to Rapoport, Kapitsa was among the signatories.&nbsp; [A more recent study, <i>Stalin's Last Crime: The Plot Against the Jewish Doctors, 1948-1953</i>, by Jonathan Brent and Vladimir Naumov (HarperCollins, New York, 2003, pp. 300-305) reproduces what purports to be the letter in question and a list of its signatories.&nbsp; According to the authors, the letter was discovered fully typeset and ready for publication in <i>Pravda</i>, but it is not known whether the &quot;signatories&quot; had actually signed it.&nbsp; In any case, the list of signatories does not include Kapitsa.]</span></p>
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		<title>JUIFS lauréats du Prix Nobel d’économie</title>
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				<category><![CDATA[Les juifs dans le monde]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#160; (41% du total mondial) Liste des b&#233;n&#233;ficiaires du prix Nobel d&#8217;&#233;conomie qui ont &#233;t&#233;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). Les pourcentages indiqu&#233;s ci-dessus correspondent aux noms qui apparaissent explicitement sur la liste ci-dessous. Paul Samuelson # (1970) Simon Kuznets # (1971) Kenneth Arrow&#160; # (1972) Wassily Leontief 1 (1973) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div align="center" style="margin-bottom: 12pt;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">(41% du total mondial</span>)</b></div>
<p style="margin-bottom: 12pt;">Liste des b&eacute;n&eacute;ficiaires du prix Nobel d&#8217;&eacute;conomie qui ont &eacute;t&eacute;, ou qui sont juifs (ou de demi-ascendance juive, voir note). Les pourcentages indiqu&eacute;s ci-dessus correspondent aux noms qui apparaissent <i>explicitement</i> sur la liste ci-dessous.</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Paul Samuelson<sup> #</sup> (1970)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Simon Kuznets<sup> #</sup> (1971)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Kenneth Arrow<sup>&nbsp; #</sup> (1972)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Wassily Leontief <sup>1</sup> (1973)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Leonid Kantorovich<sup> #</sup> (1975)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Milton Friedman<sup> #</sup> (1976)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Herbert Simon <sup>#,2</sup> (1978)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Lawrence</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> Klein<sup> #</sup> (1980)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Franco Modigliani<sup> #</sup> (1985)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Robert Solow<sup> #</sup> (1987)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Harry Markowitz<sup> #</sup> (1990)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Merton Miller <sup>3</sup> (1990)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Gary Becker<sup> #</sup> (1992)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Robert Fogel <sup>4</sup> (1993)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">John Harsanyi <sup>5</sup> (1994)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Reinhard Selten <sup>6</sup> (1994)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Robert Merton <sup>7</sup> (1997)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Myron Scholes <sup>8</sup> (1997)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">George Akerlof <sup>9 </sup>(2001)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Joseph Stiglitz <sup>10</sup> (2001)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Daniel Kahneman <sup>11</sup> (2002)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Robert Aumann <sup>12</sup> (2005)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Leonid (Leo) Hurwicz <sup>13</sup> (2007)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Eric Maskin <sup>14</sup> (2007)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Roger Myerson <sup>15</sup> (2007)</span></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: larger;"><b><span style="font-family: Rockwell;">Others <sup>16</sup></span></b></span></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<p><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">NOTES (En anglais)</span></b><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"># <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i> (1997 CD ROM edition).<br />
1. Jewish mother, non-Jewish father; see <i>Genia and Wassily </i>by Estelle Marks Leontief (Zephyr Press, Sommerville, MA, 1987, pp. 8 and 18).</span><span> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">2. Jewish father, mother of partial Jewish ancestry; see <i>Models of My Life</i> by Herbert A. Simon (BasicBooks, New York,NY, 1991, pp. 3, 17, 112, 262).</span><span> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">3. See<i> Jewish-American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia,</i> edited by Jack Fischel and Sanford Pinsker (Garland, New York, NY, 1992), and <i>The Timetables of Jewish History</i>, by Judah Gribetz (Simon and Schuster, New York, NY, 1993, p. 713). <i>Who&#8217;s Who in American Jewry, 1938</i> contains a self-submitted entry for the father of Merton Miller, Joel Lewis Miller.</span><span> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">4. See December 1993 issue of <i>Cornell Magazine</i>, where Fogel is described as being &quot;the son of Russian-Jewish immigrants&quot; in an article entitled <i>Outstanding in Distant Fields</i>, by Daniel Gross.</span><span> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">5. Son of Hungarian-Jewish parents who converted to Catholicism the year before Harsanyi&#8217;s birth.&nbsp; See &quot;Berkeley Economist Shares Nobel&quot;&nbsp; in the October 12, 1994 edition (p. A1) of <i>The San Francisco Chronicle; </i>&quot;Nobel winner was saved from Nazis by Jesuit priest&quot; in the October 21, 1994 issue (p. <img src='http://identitejuive.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_cool.gif' alt='8)' class='wp-smiley' /> of <i>The Northern California Jewish Bulletin;</i><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/economics/laureates/1994/harsanyi-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/economics/laureates/1994/harsanyi-autobio.html</a></span>; <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">and </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/jharsanyi.html">http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/jharsanyi.html</a></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">6. Jewish father, non-Jewish mother; see: </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/economics/laureates/1994/selten-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/economics/laureates/1994/selten-autobio.html</a></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span><span> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">7. Jewish father (eminent Columbia University sociologist Robert King Merton, who was born Meyer Robert Schkolnick), non-Jewish mother; see<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.kfunigraz.ac.at/sozwww/agsoe/lexikon/klassiker/merton/33bio.htm">http://www.kfunigraz.ac.at/sozwww/agsoe/lexikon/klassiker/merton/33bio.htm</a></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span><span> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><br />
8. In an article written by Lesley Simpson, entitled &quot;Endowment fund named for winner of Nobel Prize,&quot; in the September 16, 1998 on-line edition of <i>The Hamilton Spectator</i>, it was stated that Scholes had been active in &quot;Hillel, the Jewish students&#8217; association&quot; at McMaster University.&nbsp; It was further stated that &quot;Scholes was invited to return home and celebrate by both the city&#8217;s Jewish community and McMaster University&#8230;The Jewish Federation of Hamilton-Wentworth, the governing body for the Jewish community, is using his visit to formally announce an endowment fund for Jewish education.&nbsp; The Myron Scholes Nobel Award has been created in his honor.&quot;&nbsp;</span><span> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><br />
9. Jewish mother (n&eacute;e Hirschfelder), non-Jewish father; see&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.nobel.se/economics/laureates/2001/akerlof-autobio.html">http://www.nobel.se/economics/laureates/2001/akerlof-autobio.html</a></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</span><span> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">10. See <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica, Second Edition</i> (Thomson Gale, Detroit, 2007,Vol. 19, p. 226).</span><span><br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">11. See</span> <a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/economics/laureates/2002/kahneman-autobio.html"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">http://nobelprize.org/economics/laureates/2002/kahneman-autobio.html</span></a><span>.<br />
</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">12. See </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2005/aumann-autobio.html">http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2005/aumann-autobio.html</a></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.<br />
13. See <i>Who&#8217;s Who in World Jewry 1965</i>:<i> A Biographical Dictionary of Outstanding Jews</i>, edited by Harry Schneiderman and I.J. Carmin Karpman (McKay, New York, 1965, p. 433).<br />
14. See November 8, 2007 </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.njjewishnews.com/njjn.com/110807/njNobelWinner.html">interview</a></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"> in the <i>New Jersey Jewish News Online</i>.<br />
15. See statement quoted near the end of this November 5, 2007 <i>JUF News</i> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a target="_blank" href="http://www.juf.org/news/local.aspx?id=27784">article</a></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">.</p>
<p>16. Ragnar Frisch (1969) appears on a number of Jewish lists. This claim seems to have originated from an entry in the H.W. Wilson biographical dictionary of <i>Nobel Prize Winners</i> (H.W. Wilson Co., New York, NY, 1987) which states that Frisch &quot;was imprisoned during the Nazi occupation of Norway as an outspoken opponent of Nazism and as a Jew.&quot;&nbsp; This claim, however, conflicts with Frisch&#8217;s family history in Norway, which traces back many centuries (Jews were banned from settlement in Norway until 1851), and with the description of Frisch as &quot;a devout Christian&quot; in <i>The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, Volume 2</i>, (John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman (eds.), Stockton Press, New York, NY, 1987, p. 430).<br />
Friedrich von Hayek (1974) is described as being Jewish in a number of sources, e.g., <i>From Marx to Mises</i> by David Ramsay Steele (Open Court, La Salle, IL, 1992, p. 401).&nbsp; This misidentification is due, in part, to his having been the cousin of Ludwig Wittgenstein (through, as it turns out, Wittgenstein&#8217;s one non-Jewish grandparent), and his leadership with von Mises (who was Jewish) of the heavily Jewish (at that time) Austrian School of economics.&nbsp; In <i>Hayek on Hayek</i> (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1994, pp. 61-62), however, Hayek states that none of his ancestors appear to have been Jewish.</span></p>
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		<title>Prix Nobel juifs</title>
		<link>http://identitejuive.com/prix-nobel-juifs/</link>
		<comments>http://identitejuive.com/prix-nobel-juifs/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 May 2008 21:24:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>administrateur</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Les juifs dans le monde]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[juifs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prix nobel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prix nobel de la paix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prix nobels]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://identitejuive.com/?p=132</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#160; Pas moins de 176 juifs se sont vu d&#233;cerner le prix Nobel. Ce qui repr&#233;sente 23% des prix Nobels dans le monde entre 1901 et 2007. Cela repr&#233;sente 27% de la recherche fondamentale mondiale dans les domaines de chimie, m&#233;decine, physique et &#233;conomie. (Les juifs comptent pour 0.25% de la population mondiale). &#160; &#183; [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;">Pas moins de <strong>176 juifs</strong> se sont vu d&eacute;cerner le prix Nobel. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;">Ce qui repr&eacute;sente <strong>23%</strong> des prix Nobels dans le monde entre 1901 et 2007. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;">Cela repr&eacute;sente<strong> 27%</strong> de la recherche fondamentale mondiale dans les domaines de <strong>chimie, m&eacute;decine, physique et &eacute;conomie</strong>. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;">(Les juifs comptent pour 0.25% de la population mondiale).</span></p>
<div><span style="font-size: small;">&nbsp;</span></div>
<p><span style="font-family: Symbol;">&middot;</span> &nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a href="http://identitejuive.com/juifs-laureats-du-prix-nobel-de-chimie/"><span>Chimie</span></a><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (29 laur&eacute;ats, 19% du total mondial)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Symbol;">&middot;</span> &nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a href="http://identitejuive.com/juifs-laureats-du-prix-nobel-deconomie/"><span>Economie</span></a><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (25 laur&eacute;ats, 41% du total mondial)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Symbol;">&middot;</span> &nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a href="http://identitejuive.com/juifs-laureats-du-prix-nobel-en-litterature/"><span>Litt&eacute;rature</span></a><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (13 laur&eacute;ats, 13% du total mondial)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Symbol;">&middot;</span> &nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a href="http://identitejuive.com/juifs-prix-nobel-de-la-paix/"><span>La Paix</span></a><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (9 laur&eacute;ats, 9% du total mondial) <sup>3</sup></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Symbol;">&middot;</span> &nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a href="http://identitejuive.com/juifs-laureats-du-prix-nobel-de-physique/"><span>Physique</span></a><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (47 laur&eacute;ats, 26% du total mondial, 38% du total US)</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Symbol;">&middot;</span> &nbsp;<span style="font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><a href="http://identitejuive.com/juifs-laureats-du-prix-nobel-de-physiologie-ou-de-medecine/"><span>Physiologie ou m&eacute;decine</span></a><span style="font-family: Rockwell;"> (53 laur&eacute;ats, 28% du total mondial)</span></span></p>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">NOTES</span></strong><span><br />
</span><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">1.</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"> Cette &eacute;num&eacute;ration constitue une mise &agrave; jour et une expansion des informations sur les laur&eacute;ats juifs du prix Nobel contenues dans le CD-ROM 1997 &eacute;dition de <i>l&#8217;Encyclop&eacute;die Judaica</i> (EJ97), dont 117 des noms mentionn&eacute;s ici ont &eacute;t&eacute; obtenus. La quasi-totalit&eacute; des entr&eacute;es suppl&eacute;mentaires sont accompagn&eacute;es par des notes explicatives.Environ 15% de toutes celles qui sont &eacute;num&eacute;r&eacute;es (et environ 10% des Am&eacute;ricains) sont ou ont &eacute;t&eacute;, de demi-ascendance juive.</span> <br />
<strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">2.</span></strong> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">Sur une base de nationalit&eacute; am&eacute;ricaine au moment de l&#8217;attribution.</span> <span><br />
</span><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;"><span>3.</span></span></strong> <span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Rockwell;">Les pourcentages sont bas&eacute;s sur les prix &agrave; des individus seulement, c&#8217;est-&agrave;-dire que le calcul exclut les prix &agrave; des organisations. Cinq des vingt organisations ayant re&ccedil;u le prix Nobel de la paix ont &eacute;t&eacute; fond&eacute;e ou (dans un cas), cofond&eacute;es par des Juifs ou des personnes de moiti&eacute; d&rsquo;ascendance juive.</span></p>
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		<title>D’où vient le nom Palestine ?</title>
		<link>http://identitejuive.com/d-ou-viens-le-nom-palestine/</link>
		<comments>http://identitejuive.com/d-ou-viens-le-nom-palestine/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 May 2008 22:24:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>administrateur</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Histoire]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[David]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Goliath]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Israël]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[juifs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Palestine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[palestiniens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[philistins]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Samson]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://identitejuive.com/?p=108</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Le terme Palestine est semble t-il d&#233;riv&#233; du mot &#8216;philistins&#8217;. Les philistins &#233;taient un peuple de la mer &#201;g&#233;e, qui au 12 e si&#232;cle AVANT JC s&#8217;est install&#233; le long de la plaine c&#244;ti&#232;re m&#233;diterran&#233;enne de ce qui est aujourd&#8217;hui Isra&#235;l et la bande de Gaza. Au deuxi&#232;me si&#232;cle de notre &#232;re, les Romains ont [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://identitejuive.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/david-goliath.jpg" class="broken_link"><img height="300" width="207" class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-109" style="margin: 10px 15px; float: left;" title="david-goliath" src="http://identitejuive.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/david-goliath-207x300.jpg" alt="David contre le g&eacute;ant Philistin Goliath" /></a><span>Le terme Palestine est semble t-il d&eacute;riv&eacute; du mot &lsquo;<strong>philistins</strong>&rsquo;. Les philistins &eacute;taient un peuple de la mer &Eacute;g&eacute;e, qui au 12 e si&egrave;cle AVANT JC s&rsquo;est install&eacute; le long de la plaine c&ocirc;ti&egrave;re m&eacute;diterran&eacute;enne de ce qui est aujourd&rsquo;hui Isra&euml;l et la bande de Gaza. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Au deuxi&egrave;me si&egrave;cle de notre &egrave;re, les Romains ont &eacute;cras&eacute; la r&eacute;volte de Bar Kokhba Shimon (en l&rsquo;an 132) au cours de laquelle J&eacute;rusalem et la Jud&eacute;e ont &eacute;t&eacute;s reconquises. Trois ans plus tard, en conformit&eacute; avec la coutume romaine, J&eacute;rusalem a &eacute;t&eacute; rebaptis&eacute;e Aelia Capitolia. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>La Jud&eacute;e (la partie sud de ce que l&#8217;on appelle aujourd&#8217;hui la Cisjordanie) a &eacute;t&eacute; rebaptis&eacute;e <strong><em>Palaestina</em> </strong>dans une tentative de minimiser l&#8217;identification juive avec la terre d&#8217;Isra&euml;l.</span> <span onmouseover="_tipon(this)" onmouseout="_tipoff()">Le mot arabe <em>&quot;Filastin&quot;</em> est d&eacute;riv&eacute; de ce nom latin.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dans la premi&egrave;re illustration, le jeune David affronte le soldat philistin Goliath.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dans la seconde illustration, Samson tue les philistins avec la m&acirc;choire d&#8217;un &acirc;ne. (Illustration de Gustave Dor&eacute;: La bible illustr&eacute;e).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="http://identitejuive.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/samson-tue-les-philistins-avec-une-machoire-d-ane.jpg"><img height="637" width="500" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-110" style="float: left;" title="samson-tue-les-philistins-avec-une-machoire-d-ane" src="http://identitejuive.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/samson-tue-les-philistins-avec-une-machoire-d-ane.jpg" alt="Samson tue les philistins avec la machoire d\'un ane. (Illustration de Gustave Dor&eacute;: La bible illustr&eacute;e)" /></a></p>
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		<title>Nous voulons une méditerranée libre et fraternelle avec Israel</title>
		<link>http://identitejuive.com/nous-voulons-une-mediterranee-libre-et-fraternelle-avec-israel/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Apr 2008 23:01:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Souhail Ftouh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Actualités]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[arabes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[enfants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[enseignement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[haine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[juif]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[juifs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[palestinien]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[palestiniens]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Nous voulons une m&#233;diterran&#233;e libre et fraternelle avec Isra&#235;l &#8211; Ftouh Souhail, Tunis Dans le cadre des consultations sur le Projet de &#171; l&#8217;Union Pour la M&#233;diterran&#233;e &#187; le pr&#233;sident fran&#231;ais Nicolas Sarkozy effectue une visite d&#8217;Etat en Tunisie, du 28 au 30 Avril 2008. La Tunisie a d&#233;j&#224; r&#233;it&#233;r&#233; un accueil favorable &#224; cette [...]]]></description>
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<p>Nous voulons une m&eacute;diterran&eacute;e  libre et fraternelle avec Isra&euml;l &#8211; <strong>Ftouh Souhail, Tunis </strong>  Dans le cadre des consultations sur le  Projet de &laquo;  l&rsquo;Union Pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e &raquo; le pr&eacute;sident fran&ccedil;ais Nicolas Sarkozy effectue une visite d&rsquo;Etat en Tunisie, du 28 au 30 Avril 2008. La Tunisie a d&eacute;j&agrave; r&eacute;it&eacute;r&eacute; un accueil favorable &agrave; cette initiative  fran&ccedil;aise avant m&ecirc;me  son approbation par le Conseil europ&eacute;en du 13 mars 2008 (1).  Parce que l&#8217;histoire du bassin m&eacute;diterran&eacute;en est une histoire d&rsquo;&eacute;changes,  celle d&#8217;un &quot;carrefour de civilisations&quot;, pour reprendre l&#8217;expression de Fernand Braudel (2) nous  lan&ccedil;ons un enthousiaste appel, depuis la  Tunisie,  en faveur l&rsquo;Union  Pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;en. Ce projet  est une  v&eacute;ritable initiation   pour la paix et la coop&eacute;ration entre les cultures et les peuples, une  invitation  des pays concern&eacute;s &agrave;  surmonter leurs diff&eacute;rends. C&rsquo;est le seul  Projet qui viendrait faire la r&eacute;conciliation entre  Isra&euml;l  et  les pays arabes de la  M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e. Si nous reprenons les mots  du Pr&eacute;sident Sarkozy ;  ces pays pourraient partager le r&ecirc;ve des &laquo; p&egrave;res fondateurs de l&rsquo;Europe, qui ont fait travailler ensemble des gens qui se ha&iuml;ssaient pour les habituer &agrave; ne plus se ha&iuml;r &raquo;. C&rsquo;est  pour cela  que  nous consid&eacute;rons ce  projet  comme courageux, un projet de dialogue et de paix.  Encourag&eacute;s et &eacute;mus par l&rsquo;amiti&eacute; et l&rsquo;authenticit&eacute;  que vont d&eacute;gag&eacute;s  les  &eacute;changes m&eacute;diterran&eacute;ens, nous souhaitons que le Pr&eacute;sident fran&ccedil;ais s&rsquo;inscrira dans l&rsquo;histoire comme  l&rsquo;Homme  qui conduira le mieux la r&eacute;conciliation  m&eacute;dit&eacute;rrano &ndash;isra&eacute;lienne. Son  message qui  reste r&eacute;aliste et visionnaire devait nous inspirer un r&eacute;el espoir pour la paix. C&rsquo;est en ce sens qu&rsquo;il  a d&eacute;j&agrave;  exprimer  son lyrisme pour valoriser le Projet  m&eacute;diterran&eacute;en  &laquo; le plus beau et le plus grand id&eacute;al humain, au nom de nos enfants qui un jour nous demanderont compte de ce que nous avons fait &raquo; (Discours du 23 octobre 2007 &agrave; Tanger).  C&rsquo;est par l&rsquo;Union Pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e que se concr&eacute;tisera la paix. Si la rencontre d&rsquo;Annapolis n&rsquo;&eacute;tait  pas une conf&eacute;rence de paix au sens o&ugrave; le furent Oslo et Camp David (symboles de l&rsquo;&eacute;chec isra&eacute;lien &agrave; vouloir une paix que les Palestiniens n&rsquo;&eacute;taient pas pr&ecirc;ts &agrave; appliquer) l&rsquo;Union Pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e pourra &ecirc;tre, en revanche,  le cadre par lequel, l&rsquo;ensemble des pays arabes du m&eacute;diterran&eacute;e , feront savoir aux palestiniens qu&rsquo;ils n&rsquo;accepteront  d&rsquo;autre solution que celle de la paix  et que  la reconnaissance de l&rsquo;Etat d&rsquo;Isra&euml;l  comme un pays souverain et la garantie de la s&eacute;curit&eacute; de ses fronti&egrave;res  seront les socles de la  Paix au Proche Orient .  Les repr&eacute;sentants de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile euro m&eacute;diterran&eacute;enne devront &ecirc;tre conscients que l&rsquo;adh&eacute;sion d&rsquo;Isra&euml;l au sein de la future Union  est  la condition sine qua non &agrave; la paix et  la s&eacute;curit&eacute; en m&eacute;diterran&eacute;e. Dans ce contexte, les pays riverains ne peuvent s&#8217;ignorer : les interd&eacute;pendances sont trop fortes. C&#8217;est ce constat qui  conduira aux premiers pas de la coop&eacute;ration euro m&eacute;diterran&eacute;enne. La pr&eacute;sence d&rsquo;Isra&euml;l au sein de la future Union pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e apportera  une approche in&eacute;dite et progressive du partenariat entre les deux rives de la  Mare Nostrum. Parce qu&#8217;ils partagent une g&eacute;ographie commune, les pays du pourtour m&eacute;diterran&eacute;en doivent faire de cet espace un lieu de r&eacute;conciliation. L&#8217;Union pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e sera un succ&egrave;s si elle r&eacute;ussit &agrave; engager l&rsquo;Etat  Isra&euml;l parmi ses membres dans le cadre de projets communs. Elle contribue ainsi &agrave; la prosp&eacute;rit&eacute; du bassin m&eacute;diterran&eacute;en  et la lutte contre le terrorisme. Avec l&rsquo;adh&eacute;sion  d&rsquo;Isra&euml;l, la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e retrouvera  peu &agrave; peu sa vraie nature pacifique, m&eacute;lange d&#8217;unit&eacute; et de complexit&eacute;. La fracture observ&eacute;e aux temps de la guerre froide ne devrait pas se prolonger (3).  Garantir la place d&eacute;dier  &agrave; Isra&euml;l dans la future Union  permettra de r&eacute;nover  l&rsquo;approche strat&eacute;gique de la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e  en d&eacute;veloppant une vision plus coop&eacute;rative de la s&eacute;curit&eacute; dans un effort de dialogue avec les riverains. Les pays arabes, membres de la future Union Pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e  peuvent m&ecirc;me se compl&eacute;ter avec Isra&euml;l  pour participer &agrave; la stabilisation de ce th&eacute;&acirc;tre toujours fractur&eacute;, qui tarde &agrave; retrouver une dynamique de paix et de coop&eacute;ration.  Il n&rsquo;y a quelques jours , M. Henri Guaino  envoy&eacute; sp&eacute;cial du Pr&eacute;sident fran&ccedil;ais, Nicolas Sarkozy, aupr&egrave;s du Pr&eacute;sident  tunisien, a estimer que  l&rsquo;Union Pour la  M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e  va    &laquo; redonner  une dynamique &agrave;  une grande volont&eacute; d&#8217;unit&eacute; qui reste tr&egrave;s forte chez les peuples m&eacute;diterran&eacute;ens par-del&agrave;  tous  les  conflits et toutes les trag&eacute;dies qui divisent cette r&eacute;gion &raquo;. Le responsable fran&ccedil;ais a ajout&eacute;, lors de sa  rencontre avec le Pr&eacute;sident Ben Ali &laquo;  Nous avons la conviction que les positions de la France et de la Tunisie sur cette question sont tout &agrave;  fait identiques. Nous allons pouvoir, ensemble, faire d&eacute;marrer ce grand projet historique  &raquo; (4).  La Tunisie  pourrait bien relancer le processus de la r&eacute;conciliation en appuyant l&rsquo;adh&eacute;sion d&rsquo;Isra&euml;l &agrave; ce vaste Projet m&eacute;diterran&eacute;en. D&rsquo;ailleurs nous avons constat&eacute;s  un signe encourageant puisque ,  juste avant l&rsquo;arriv&eacute; du Pr&eacute;sident Sarkozy &agrave; Tunis ,des congressistes franco-isra&eacute;liens et des entrepreneurs travaillant en Isra&euml;l ont fait le d&eacute;placement en Tunisie pour assister &agrave; la 2&egrave; &eacute;dition du Forum Euro M&eacute;diterran&eacute;en du Capital Investissement et du Financement des PME.(5)  La future union s&rsquo;articulera autour de projets concrets avec une priorit&eacute; donn&eacute;e &agrave; la coop&eacute;ration environnementale et scientifique : lutte contre le changement climatique, d&eacute;pollution de la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e, agroalimentaire, &eacute;nergie solaire ainsi qu&rsquo; grand volet sera consacr&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;ducation et &agrave; la culture. Nous ne pouvons qu&#8217;esp&eacute;rer  que les pays  du sud de la m&eacute;diterran&eacute;e  continuent de d&eacute;velopper des relations amicales avec Isra&euml;l. Isra&euml;l peut beaucoup pour aider ses voisins arabes &agrave; se d&eacute;velopper &eacute;conomiquement et socialement.  Isra&euml;l est &agrave; la fine pointe d&#8217;une technologie innovatrice qui malheureusement manque cruellement  &agrave; ses voisins arabes (6).  Notre pays  qui est tr&egrave;s engag&eacute;e avec la France dans les pr&eacute;paratifs en cours du Projet pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e  pourra servir d&rsquo;exemple en soutenant cette d&eacute;marche visant l&rsquo;int&eacute;gration d&rsquo;Isra&euml;l dans ce vaste Projet. La Tunisie,  en se  positionnant  comme un pays des plus mod&eacute;r&eacute;s dans la r&eacute;gion, pourra appuy&eacute; tous les efforts destin&eacute;s &agrave; permettre  de  retrouver la voie de la r&eacute;conciliation avec les  isra&eacute;liens.  Nous esp&eacute;rerons  surtout que le  Sommet qui se tiendra &agrave; Paris le 13 juillet 2008 (7) rendra  &agrave; Isra&euml;l  cette place qu&rsquo;elle m&eacute;rite dans le pourtour m&eacute;diterran&eacute;en.  Le Conseil europ&eacute;en, qui a approuv&eacute; le principe d&rsquo;une Union Pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e (qui englobera les &Eacute;tats membres de l&rsquo;UE et les &Eacute;tats riverains de la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e)  ne devra pas perdre de vue qu&rsquo;Isra&euml;l est aussi  un pays riverain de la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e et qu&rsquo;un  nouvel &acirc;ge prometteur des relations euro m&eacute;diterran&eacute;ennes passe n&eacute;cessairement  par l&rsquo;int&eacute;gration d&rsquo;Isra&euml;l dans son milieu m&eacute;diterran&eacute;en.   Il n&rsquo;est pas possible donc d&rsquo;exclure Isra&euml;l de participer &agrave; la  r&eacute;union des pays m&eacute;diterran&eacute;en du 13 juillet 2008, ni de l&rsquo;emp&ecirc;cher &agrave; prendre part  dans la rencontre des chefs d&rsquo;&Eacute;tat et de gouvernement des pays riverains de la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e avec les pays de l&rsquo;UE le 14 juillet 2008 &agrave; Paris.  Le  peuple  juif, dont l&rsquo;histoire est mill&eacute;naire et qui a  v&eacute;cut longtemps dans la solitude et l&rsquo;isolement,  attend aujourd&rsquo;hui de la  France, connue dans sa Grandeur et sa G&eacute;n&eacute;rosit&eacute;, quelle rend &agrave; Isra&euml;l sa place qu&rsquo;il m&eacute;rite lors de  la  cr&eacute;ation de  &quot; l&rsquo;Union pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e&quot;, qui sera lanc&eacute;e officiellement &agrave; Paris le 13 juillet 2008. C&#8217;est un enjeu majeur non seulement pour la France mais aussi pour ses partenaires europ&eacute;ens et m&eacute;diterran&eacute;ens s&#8217;ils ne veulent pas d&eacute;cevoir les attentes des populations du pourtour m&eacute;diterran&eacute;en.  Nous esp&eacute;rons que la  prochaine  Pr&eacute;sidence fran&ccedil;aise de l&rsquo;Union europ&eacute;enne, qui  va r&eacute;unir les pays m&eacute;diterran&eacute;ens  au  sommet de Paris au mois de  juillet 2008,  nous assure qu&rsquo;Isra&euml;l en fera partie. Le destin la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e ne pouvant &ecirc;tre li&eacute; &agrave; un conflit &agrave; l&rsquo;issue aussi incertaine (8).La pacification et le d&eacute;veloppement de cet espace  d&eacute;pendent d&rsquo;un  r&ocirc;le isra&eacute;lien actif. C&#8217;est ainsi qu&#8217;il sera un facteur de stabilit&eacute; et de paix ;  un espace de stabilit&eacute; et de paix respectueux des droits de l&#8217;Homme, de d&eacute;velopper les &eacute;changes culturels pour favoriser le dialogue et la compr&eacute;hension mutuelle.Le peuple isra&eacute;lien, qui a choisi courageusement de continuer le processus de paix, attend  aujourd&rsquo;hui un geste positif en provenance  des autres  peuples  de la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e.  Il faut  garder en  m&eacute;moire  que durant &quot;l&#8217;Ancien Empire Romain&quot; Isra&euml;l n&#8217;&eacute;tait pas un membre ami de l&#8217;empire. Les arm&eacute;es romaines occupaient le territoire et les juifs  n&#8217;aspiraient qu&#8217;&agrave; s&#8217;en d&eacute;barrasser. Cette situation s&#8217;est termin&eacute;e par la destruction de J&eacute;rusalem, &eacute;pouvantable catastrophe qui a marqu&eacute; &agrave; jamais la conscience du peuple juif. Cet triste &eacute;pisode de l&rsquo;histoire nous prouvent qu&#8217;au contraire, aujourd&#8217;hui, Isra&euml;l est en passe d&#8217;entretenir d&#8217;excellentes relations avec les pays m&eacute;diterran&eacute;ens, d&eacute;bris de l&#8217;ancien empire romain, et peut-&ecirc;tre m&ecirc;me devenir un membre moteur de la future Union  Pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e souhait&eacute;e par le pr&eacute;sident Fran&ccedil;ais.  L&rsquo;Union Pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e sera le meilleur accomplissement en face des tentatives des fondamentalistes, qui aujourd&rsquo;hui encore, enseignent la haine. Le pr&eacute;sident Fran&ccedil;ais pourra &ecirc;tre  le pr&eacute;curseur de la vision de la Grande Union M&eacute;diterran&eacute;enne, qui permettra  la prosp&eacute;rit&eacute;  entre les deux rives de la m&eacute;diterran&eacute;e.Pour ce qui me concerne, j&#8217;avoue &ecirc;tre encore dans un doute consternant quant &agrave; la certitude de l&#8217;&eacute;ventualit&eacute; que certains pays vont faire  entraver ce projet. Avec la contribution  active d&rsquo;Isra&euml;l  &agrave; ce vaste Projet, la m&eacute;diterran&eacute;e  sera  un foisonnement d&#8217;id&eacute;es int&eacute;ressantes.  Il faut dire aussi  que les int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts des pays de la m&eacute;diterran&eacute;e et d&#8217;Isra&euml;l sont semblables: nous voulons une m&eacute;diterran&eacute;e d&eacute;mocratique, libre et fraternelle. Pas &agrave; la botte de dictateurs et d&#8217;islamistes qui bafouent Dieu et l&rsquo;Humanisme.  Ftouh Souhail, de Tunis <a target="_blank" href="mailto:souhailftouh@hotmail.com"><font color="#c24c00">souhailftouh@hotmail.com</font></a>  (1) Un compromis franco-allemand est  intervenu le 3 mars2008  &agrave; Hanovre, lors d&rsquo;une rencontre entre le Pr&eacute;sident fran&ccedil;ais et Angela Merkel. Ce compromis est diff&eacute;rent  du  projet  initial d&rsquo;Union M&eacute;diterran&eacute;enne, &eacute;voqu&eacute; par  Nicolas Sarkozy  lors  de sa campagne &eacute;lectorale (discours de Toulon du 2 f&eacute;vrier 2007) et son discours d&rsquo;investiture. L&rsquo;Appel de Rome relatif &agrave;  l&rsquo;Union Pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e  a r&eacute;uni par la suite  la France, l&rsquo;Italie et l&rsquo;Espagne (20 d&eacute;cembre 2007) afin de r&eacute;fl&eacute;chir aux lignes directrices du projet lanc&eacute; par le Pr&eacute;sident fran&ccedil;ais.  (2) Fernand Braudel, La M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e <strong>:</strong><em> l&#8217;espace et l&#8217;histoire</em>, Flammarion, 1985  (3) Pendant les temps de la Guerre froide, la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e, &eacute;cartel&eacute;e entre des perspectives strat&eacute;giques antagonistes, a &eacute;t&eacute; une zone de conflits latents et un espace op&eacute;rationnel sensible. La mat&eacute;rialisation de deux blocs fracturait l&#8217;espace m&eacute;diterran&eacute;en, en faisait une zone de contacts militaires &agrave; hauts risques, accompagn&eacute;s de pressions id&eacute;ologiques souvent fortes.  (4) Source <strong>: </strong><a target="_blank" href="http://www.infotunisie.com/"><strong><font color="#c24c00">www.infotunisie.com</font></strong></a>    du jeudi 24 avril 2008  (5) La Tunisie a abrit&eacute;, du 24 au 26 avril,  la 2&egrave; &eacute;dition du Forum Euro M&eacute;diterran&eacute;en du Capital Investissement et du Financement des PME.&raquo; .Ce forum dont le th&egrave;me est  &laquo; <em>Le Capital Investissement, acc&eacute;l&eacute;rateur de croissance dans les pays riverains de la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e</em> &raquo; est organis&eacute; par l&rsquo;association EuroMed avec la participation de quelque 500 congressistes, entrepreneurs, gestionnaires de fonds d&rsquo;investissement, banquiers et d&eacute;cideurs &eacute;conomiques, venus des pays riverains de la  M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e. <strong>Source</strong><strong> : </strong><strong>www.israelvalleys.com</strong><strong>          en ligne le 24 avril  Par Dan Assayah.</strong><strong>  </strong>  (6) Les 27 pays de l&#8217;<strong>UE</strong> et <strong>Isra&euml;l</strong> affichent des performances tr&egrave;s sup&eacute;rieures &agrave; celles des autres pays m&eacute;diterran&eacute;ens et se rangent parmi les 34 pays les plus d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s du monde.  (7) Les chefs d&rsquo;&Eacute;tat et de Gouvernement des pays riverains de la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e vont se r&eacute;unir avec les pays de l&rsquo;Union Europ&eacute;enne le 14 juillet 2008 &agrave; Paris pour d&eacute;finir leur vision commune. Ce sommet sera pr&eacute;c&eacute;d&eacute; d&rsquo;une r&eacute;union des pays du pourtour M&eacute;diterran&eacute;en le 13 juillet, et devrait fixer les principes et l&rsquo;organisation de l&rsquo;Union pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e avec pour objectif de mettre en &oelig;uvre une approche fond&eacute;e sur des projets communs entre les deux rives .  (8) La Syrie et le Liban n&#8217;ont pas r&eacute;agi officiellement  sur la question de leur association &agrave; l&rsquo;Union Pour la M&eacute;diterran&eacute;e ;  leur pr&eacute;sence pourrait &ecirc;tre fatale au projet.</p>
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